ABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China. Initially, although the number of COVID-19-infected individuals was very low, the infected cases increased as the virus spread worldwide. Skin manifestation is one of the symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients. Objectives: This study investigated the critical genes and molecular pathways involved in skin manifestations in COVID-19 patients through a biological system approach. Methods: In this study, the microarray dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The enrichment analysis of DEGs was evaluated using the DAVID database. Afterward, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed via the STRING database and visualized using Cytoscape software. The hub genes were recognized using the cytoHubba. The interaction of the microRNA (miRNA)-hub genes, transcription factor (TF)-hub genes, and drug-hub genes was also evaluated in this study. Results: After analysis, some genes with the highest degree of connectivity, which were involved in the pathogenesis of HELLP syndrome were identified, and they were known as hub genes. These genes are as follows: IFN-gamma CXCL1, CCL2, CCL3, TLR2, IL-1B, CXCL6, IL-6, CCL4, and CXCL2. has-mir-34a-5p, has-mir-20a-5p, and has-mir-27a-3p as miRNA, as well as RELA as TF had the most interaction with the hub genes. Conclusion: Finally, IL-6 and CXCL10 that were compared to the other hub genes had the highest interaction with other genes;therefore, their role in Shamgir's pathogenesis is significant. Targeting the cited genes would be a strategy to prevent symptom manifestation and better patient management.
ABSTRACT
Background: Rumors concerning various aspects of the fight against COVID-19, vaccination, in particular, have become one of the main challenges for managers and policymakers who have to deal with different aspects of the disease. This necessitates the recognition of the factors that influence the prevention and spread of these rumors. Objective(s): The current study aimed to investigate the link between health literacy among adults and their acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination rumors in Iran. Method(s): This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 15 to December 15, 2021, in different provinces of Iran. The study population included Iranian adults, aged 18 years and older, who were selected using the snowball sampling method. The data collection tools involved two questionnaires: the Health Literacy Questionnaire, which consists of 33 items, and the COVID-19 Vaccine Rumor Questionnaire which assesses 17 rumors related to COVID-19 vaccination collected from various news sources. Result(s): The number of completed questionnaires was 1158 out of 2163 questionnaire visits (74% response rate). Univariate analysis showed that health literacy had a statistically significant association with sociodemographic variables of gender, marital status, ethnicity, place of residence, and level of education. The results of data analysis also demonstrated a significant correlation between the average of rumors' acceptance and the sociodemographic variables of gender, marital status, ethnicity, place of residence, and level of education. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient test showed a significant and negative relationship between health literacy and rumor belief (P= 0.000, r=-0.590), indicating that those with a higher level of health literacy had a lower level of rumor acceptance. Conclusion(s): Based on the findings of the present study, health literacy has a significant effect on reducing the credibility of rumors and other misinformation among community members. Macro-level decisions and policies are needed to improve factors such as health literacy and can help individuals identify and track rumors and make decisions based on reliable information on vaccination. Copyright © 2022, Author(s).
ABSTRACT
Background: Rumors circulation concerning various aspects of fighting COVID-19, vaccination in particular, has become one of the main challenges with which managers and policy makers have been faced to deal with different aspects of the disease. This makes recognizing and strengthening the effective factors in preventing the spread of rumors even more significant. As a result, current study has been carried out to investigate the link between health literacy among adults and their acceptance of COVID vaccine rumors in Iran Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 15 to December 15, 2021 in different provinces of Iran. The number of completed online questionnaires was 1158, and also SPSS software version 23 was used for data analysis Results: Univariate analysis showed that health literacy had a statistical relationship with demographic variables of gender, marital status, and ethnicity, place of residence and level of education. This analysis also clarified that there was a significant connection between the average of rumors acceptance and the demographic variables of gender, marital status, and ethnicity, place of residence and level of education. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that there is a significant and inverse relationship between health literacy and rumor belief (p = 0.000, r = -0.590). This is in a way that the higher level of health literacy people have, the lower amount of rumor acceptance would be among them.
ABSTRACT
Today, a new disease, called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has affected the entire world, especially in the economic aspect. This disease has severely disrupted the global economy. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate how people's income was affected by the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. We used an online questionnaire in the Persian language, which was available from April 18 to April 28, 2020. The survey asked the participants about their job and income during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to the pre-COVID period. Fifty-seven percepts of participants were unemployed or experienced a drop in their income during the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, the global economy should be supportive of people during epidemics.
ABSTRACT
Background: Public support plays a crucial in managing public health crises. Communicating with the public during a pandemic has a major role in gaining public support. Public information-seeking behaviors are the core element of epidemic communication.. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the Iranian information-seeking behaviors during the first three weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the use of web search queries to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran from December 2019 to March 1 2020, is investigated. The Iranian search queries for COVID-19 were evaluated from December 30, 2019, to March 1, 2020. Google trend reports were used to retrieve data on the number of search queries. Queries were categorized into “epidemic news”, “necessary protective equipment”, “prevention strategies”, and “treatment”. To analyze the data, segmented regression was applied. Also, the daily percent change (DPI) was estimated. Results: The frequency of Google searches for COVID19-related queries first increased during the period of 18-23 February 2020 (DPC: 34.0;P value < 0.001), and then declined to March 1, 2020 (DPS:-3.9;P value < 0.001). The most prevalent query was “Epidemic news” (54%), followed by “necessary equipment” (33%). The frequency of these two queries increased from 18-23 February. "Prevention strategies" was the most common search category on March 1. Conclusions: When an epidemic begins to spread, people try to get the “latest news” and “what they need to protect themselves”. © 2020, Author(s).